Doctores del PC :: Servicio Técnico Reparación Ordenadores :: Madrid

HOW-TO Como obtener informacion del hardware en Linux

dmidecode

Dmidecode detalla información sobre el hardware del sistema tal como se describe en la BIOS según el SMBIOS/DMI estándar.

Esta información incluye típicamente el nombre del fabricante del sistema, el modelo, número de serie, versión del BIOS, etc…Incluye también la condición de los zócalos del CPU, las ranuras de expansión por ejemplo, AGP, PCI, ISA, las ranuras del módulo de memoria, o la lista de puertos de E/S (Entrada/Salida) por ejemplo, los de serie, paralelo y USB.

Su sintaxis es:

dmidecode

[opciones] en donde las opciones pueden ser entre otras mas técnicas -q –query (consulta) y -t –type TYPE (en donde TYPE significa una de las palabras clave: bios, system, baseboard, chassis, processor, memory, cache, connector y slot).

Ejemplo:

root@doctoresdelpc.com:~# dmidecode -t memory

# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.6 present.

Handle 0x0022, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
Error Information Handle: No Error
Number Of Devices: 2

Handle 0x0025, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0022
Error Information Handle: No Error
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM0
Bank Locator: BANK0
Type: <OUT OF SPEC>
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
Manufacturer: Kingston
Serial Number: 9C1679E
Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0
Part Number: 9905458-020.A00LF

Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0022
Error Information Handle: No Error
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM1
Bank Locator: BANK1
Type: <OUT OF SPEC>
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
Manufacturer: Manufacturer1
Serial Number: SerNum1
Asset Tag: AssetTagNum1
Part Number: Array1_PartNumber1

El resultado me dice que el equipo soporta hasta 32 Gb en dos bancos, que el banco 0 esta ocupado con 4096 Mb., es de formato DIMM y tipo DDR sincrona de 1333 MHz a 0,8 ns, y el banco 1 tiene lo mismo, entre los dos 8 GB de memoria.

GNU/Linux tiene montones de programas y documentación instalada en nuestros equipos, por ejemplo también se podría averiguar la cantidad de memoria instalada escribiendo desde consola:

root@doctoresdelpc.com:~# cat/proc/meminfo

Otro comando  que nos muestran información importante del hardware y no se requiere de actividad como administrador o el uso de sudo, lshw.

lshw

Extrae información detallada sobre la configuración del hardware.

root@doctoresdelpc.com:~# lshw -businfo

Bus info Device Class Description
========================================================
system System Product Name (SKU)
bus P8H61-M LE/USB3
memory 64KiB BIOS
cpu@0 processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2100 CPU @ 3.10GHz
memory 128KiB L1 cache
memory 512KiB L2 cache
memory 3MiB L3 cache
memory 8GiB System Memory
memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns)
memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns)
pci@0000:00:00.0 bridge 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller
pci@0000:00:01.0 bridge Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port
pci@0000:00:02.0 display 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
pci@0000:00:16.0 communication 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
pci@0000:00:1a.0 bus 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2
pci@0000:00:1b.0 multimedia 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller
pci@0000:00:1c.0 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1
pci@0000:00:1c.1 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2
pci@0000:00:1c.2 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3
pci@0000:04:00.0 eth0 network RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller
pci@0000:00:1c.3 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4
pci@0000:05:00.0 bus ASM1042 SuperSpeed USB Host Controller
pci@0000:00:1c.4 bridge 82801 PCI Bridge
pci@0000:06:00.0 bridge ASMedia Technology Inc.
pci@0000:00:1c.5 bridge 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6
pci@0000:00:1d.0 bus 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1
pci@0000:00:1f.0 bridge H61 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller
pci@0000:00:1f.2 scsi0 storage 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 4 port SATA IDE Controller
scsi@0:0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 250GB WDC WD2500JS-60N
scsi@0:0.0.0,1 /dev/sda1 volume 100MiB Windows NTFS volume
scsi@0:0.0.0,2 /dev/sda2 volume 62GiB Windows NTFS volume
scsi@0:0.0.0,3 /dev/sda3 volume 109GiB Windows NTFS volume
scsi@0:0.0.0,4 /dev/sda4 volume 59GiB Extended partition
/dev/sda5 volume 52GiB Linux filesystem partition
/dev/sda6 volume 8101MiB Linux swap / Solaris partition
scsi@1:0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DVDRAM GH24LS70
pci@0000:00:1f.3 bus 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
pci@0000:00:1f.5 scsi3 storage 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 2 port SATA IDE Controller
scsi@3:0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk 1TB ST31000524AS
scsi@3:0.0.0,1 /dev/sdb1 volume 931GiB Windows NTFS volume
power To Be Filled By O.E.M.
power To Be Filled By O.E.M.

lspci

Es una utilidad para mostrar información acerca de todos los buses PCI en el sistema y todos los dispositivos conectados a ellos.

root@doctoresdelpc.com:~# lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b5)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev b5)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev b5)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation H61 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 4 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
05:00.0 USB Controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1042 SuperSpeed USB Host Controller
06:00.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device 1080 (rev 01)

También se puede usar con la opción -v (verbose) para sacar información mucho más detallada.

lsusb

Es una utilidad para mostrar información acerca de todos los buses USB en el sistema y todos los dispositivos conectados a ellos.

root@doctoresdelpc.com:~# lsusb

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0458:00e3 KYE Systems Corp. (Mouse Systems)
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 1130:f211 Tenx Technology, Inc. TP6911 Audio Headset
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub